Graduate Course Descriptions

Students currently registered in the program can visit course syllabi, notes and lab instructions for detailed course information.

Timetable and application information can be found at the main UVic website: http://web.uvic.ca/grar/

ELEC 501 (1.5) Linear Systems

State space description of systems. Controllability, observability and minimality. Stability and the Lyapunov criterion. Linear state feedback, asymptotic observers and compensator design. Polynomial and matrix fraction descriptions.

ELEC 503 (1.5) Engineering Design by Optimization I

The steepest descent and Newton methods for unconstrained optimization. Golden section, quadratic, cubic and inexact line searches. Conjugate and Quasi-Newton methods. The Fletcher-Reeves algorithm. Application to the design of circuits, control systems, filters, and mechanical systems using optimization techniques. Introduction to constrained optimization. Students are required to complete one project that applies some of the optimization techniques to be studied in the course to an engineering analysis or design problem.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 503, 403.
Prerequisites: 310 or equivalent.

ELEC 504 (1.5) Random Signals

Review of random variables, moments and characteristic functions; random processes, noise models, stationarity, ergodicity, correlation and power spectrum, spectrum measurements; response of linear systems to random inputs, cross-spectral densities, narrow band noise; introduction to discrete time and space processes. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 504, 400.
Prerequisites: 310; STAT 254 or 260 or equivalent.

ELEC 505 (1.5) Engineering Applications of Advanced Matrix Analysis Methods

SV, LU, QR, polar and other matrix decompositions. Eigen-Analysis of various dynamic systems. Spectral perturbation theory. Applications in digital signal processing, control systems and mechanical engineering. Computational considerations. Introduction to available numerical software.
Prerequisites: MATH 110, 407 or equivalent.

ELEC 509 (1.0) Seminar

Participation in a program of seminars. Required of all Master's students every year of their program as an addition to the normal program except by departmental permission. One unit of credit shall be given upon completion.
Grading: INP, COM, N

ELEC 511 (1.5) Error Control Coding Techniques in Communication

Communication channels and the coding problem. Important linear block codes (cyclic, Hamming, BCH and RS codes). Encoding and decoding with shift registers. Threshold decoding. Introduction to convolutional codes. Coding and system design considerations.

ELEC 512 (1.5) Digital Communications

Source and channel descriptions. Source digitization, entropy and the rate distortion tradeoff, lossless source codes (Huffman and run length codes), optimal and adaptive quantization. Digital modulation techniques, optimal coherent receivers, performance evaluation, the incoherent case. Special topics - case studies, fiber optics, satellite systems, mobile radio systems.

ELEC 513 (1.5) Data and Computer Communications

Analysis and design of computer communication networks. Queueing theory. Circuit, message and packet switching. Modems, multiplexors and concentrators. Network topologies. Routing and flow control. Multiple access techniques. Capacity calculations. Throughput/delay tradeoffs. Multilayer protocols and the OSI model. Survey of existing data networks, including local area networks. Packet radio and broadcast schemes.

ELEC 514 (1.5) Design and Analysis of Computer Communication Networks

Markov chains and techniques for studying their transient and steady-state behaviour. Queuing theory and discrete time queues. Queuing models for media access, error control and traffic management protocols. Quality of service. Modelling of traffic and inter-arrival time. Self similar distributions and traffic. Analysis and design of switching fabrics. Switch design alternatives and performance modelling. Simulation of networks. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 514, CENG 461.
Prerequisites: STAT 254 or 260 or equivalent.

ELEC 519A (1.5) Selected Topics in Digital Communications

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 619A

ELEC 519B (1.5) Selected Topics in Computer Communications

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 619B

ELEC 519C (1.5) Selected Topics in Secure Communications

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 619C

ELEC 521 (1.5) Microwave and Millimeter Wave Engineering

Introduction to theory and technique of modern microwave and millimeter wave engineering. Propagation effects. Properties of various planar transmission lines at millimeter wave-length. Microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits (mic's). CAD aspects of mic's: filters, matching networks, directional couplers, nonreciprocal devices. Nonlinear devices.
Prerequisites: 404 and 454, or equivalent.

ELEC 522 (1.5) Antennas and Propagation

Antenna and propagation fundamentals, Friis transmission formula, radar equation, Maxwell's equations for radiation problems, antenna parameters, simple radiators, array theory, mutual coupling, wire and broadband antennas, aperture radiators, scattering and diffraction, multipath propagation and fading, antenna measurement techniques, surface-wave and ionospheric propagation, microwave and millimeter wave propagation. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 522, 453.
Prerequisites: 340 or 404 or equivalent.

ELEC 524 (1.5) Theory and Design of Waveguide Components

Modern integrated waveguide technologies, numerical analysis aspects and design strategies; mode-matching techniques; commonly used waveguides; transformers and transformer prototypes; phase shifters; power dividers; directional couplers; waveguide filters; multiplexers; polarizers; orthomode transducers; mode converters; angle diversity systems.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 524, 624.
Formerly: 624

ELEC 525 (1.5) Advacned Photonics

Methods to understand optical devices. Following a basic review of electromagnetics, methods for analyzing photonic devices will be provided. Among other applications, these methods will be applied to the analysis of sensors (surface plasmon resonance), high-reflectivity and anti-reflection coatings, Bragg gratings, and semiconductor lasers.

ELEC 526 (1.5) Advanced Optical Systems

Overview of the basic technologies and system design principles for modern optical communications. Component fundamentals, including optical fiber, lasers, transmitters, photodetectors, receivers, passive components, optical amplifiers. Optical modulation, demodulation, wavelength multiplexing techniques. Applications to wide-area and access networks, microwave photonics. System impairments related to noise, fiber dispersion, nonlinearity. Students work in groups to design a national-scale broadband system, combining primary course elements and commercial software.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 526, 623.
Formerly: 623

ELEC 529A (1.5) Selected Topics in Microwaves, Millimeter Waves and Optical Engineering

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 629

ELEC 531 (1.5) Digital Filters I

Introduction of the digital filter as a discrete system. Discrete time transfer function. Time domain and frequency domain analysis. Structures for recursive and nonrecursive digital filters. Application of digital filters for the processing of continuous time signals. Solution of the approximation problem in recursive and nonrecursive filters. Quantization effects. Includes a project in which a complete digital filter is designed.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 531, 407, 458.
Prerequisites: 360 or equivalent.

ELEC 532 (1.5) Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing

Two- and multidimensional signals and systems. Multidimensional sampling in space/time and frequency domain. Multidimensional discrete transforms. Design and implementation of two-dimensional systems. Stability of two-dimensional recursive filters. Application in image processing, video processing and array signal processing.
Note: Students in this course are required to complete a project.
Prerequisites: 407 or equivalent.

ELEC 533 (1.5) Design of Analog Filters

Introduction to analog signal processing. Characterization, properties, and analysis of analog filters. Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic approximations. Introduction to the realization of LC one- and two-port circuits; Darlington's method. Active elements such as gyrators and generalized impedance converters, and their representation by singular elements. Design of high-performance, low-sensitivity active filters. Includes a project in which a complete analog filter is designed.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 533, 408.
Prerequisites: 310 and 380 or equivalent.

ELEC 534 (1.5) Digital Signal Processing

Decimation and interpolation of discrete signals. Least-squares signal modelling. The LMS algorithm and application in adaptive interference cancellation and system identification. Basic multirate DSP systems. Polyphase representation and design of multirate systems. Application of multirate systems in signal compression and noise removal. Representation and digital processing of speech signals. Neural network and applications. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 534, 459.
Prerequisites: 407 or equivalent.

ELEC 535 (1.5) Pattern Recognition

Parallel and sequential recognition methods. Bayesian decision procedures, perceptrons, statistical and syntactic approaches, recognition grammars. Feature extraction and selection, scene analysis, and optical character recognition. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 535, 485.
Prerequisites: STAT 254 or 260 or equivalent.

ELEC 536 (1.5) Computer Vision

Overview of the main concepts and methods in computer vision; geometry and physics of imaging, as related to image formation and image acquisition; low-level methods of image analysis, such as filtering, edge detection, feature detection, and segmentation; methods for extracting and representing three-dimensional scene information; motion analysis and algorithms for video understanding. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 536, CENG 421.

ELEC 539A (1.5) Selected Topics in Digital Signal Processing

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 639A

ELEC 539B (1.5) Selected Topics in Image Processing

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 639B

ELEC 539C (1.5) Selected Topics in Underwater Acoustic Systems

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 679

ELEC 542 (1.5) Analog Integrated Circuit Design

Review of IC technology, device models and feedback. Design of monolithic op amp, regulators, multipliers, oscillators, phase-locked loops and other nonlinear circuits. Study and design of filter circuits, switched-capacitor circuits, CCD and other sampled-data circuits. System applications of analog-digital LSI.
Prerequisites: 380 and 320 or equivalent.

ELEC 543 (1.5) Design of Digital and VLSI Systems

Advanced combinational and sequential logic design. Optimization of finite state machines; timing methodologies and synchronization issues. Hardware description languages (HDL): structural and behavioural descriptions, simulations and testbenches, coding styles, design with HDL and FPGA implementation. Design for test: testing concepts, scan-based design and built-in self-test (BIST). Design for high speed: timing analysis, pipelining and retiming. Design for low power: sources of power dissipation, design transformations. Students will be required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 543, CENG 441.
Prerequisites: CENG 241 or CENG 290 or equivalent.

ELEC 544 (1.5) Analog VLSI and Neural Systems

Review of basic electronics; model of the neuron and its signal propagation. Amplifiers, networks and analog VLSI circuits. Time-varying signals and transient effects. The axon: its operation and its equivalent circuit. Models of the visual system and the auditory system and their chip implementation. Tactile sensor arrays and motion sensor arrays and their networking. Optical sensor arrays and their signal transmission. Other devices and circuits relevant to neural networks.
Prerequisites: 310, 320 and 380 or equivalent.

ELEC 545 (1.5) Nanotechnology

Nanoscale materials and devices. Techniques and tools of nanostructure fabrication and characterization. Properties of low-dimensional materials. Semiconductor nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, organic molecules, quantum dots. Applications including nanoelectronics and molecular devices, biotechnology, nanoscale computation, nanomechanical devices and nanophotonics. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 545, 420.
Prerequisites: 320 or equivalent.

ELEC 546 (1.5) Mapping DSP Algorithms onto Processor Arrays

Parallel algorithms and their dependence. Applications to some common DSP algorithms. System timing using the scheduling vector. Projection of the dependence graph using a projection direction. The delay operator and z-transform techniques for mapping DSP algorithms onto processor arrays. Algebraic technique for mapping algorithms. The computation domain. The dependence matrix of a variable. The scheduling and projection functions. Data broadcast and pipelining. Applications using common DSP algorithms.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 546, 642.
Formerly: 642
Prerequisites: CENG 465 or equivalent.

ELEC 547 (1.5) Electronic Devices

Study of the operation of bipolar and field-effect devices in VLSI design. Study of photonic and opto-electronic devices used in transmission, modulation, demodulation and receivers. Principles, construction and design of lasers and their applications. Study of display devices, thin-film devices, imaging devices, transducers and micromachines and their interfacing. Sensor arrays and related system design. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 547, 412.
Prerequisites: 320 or equivalent.

ELEC 549A (1.5) Selected Topics in Electronics

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 688

ELEC 549B (1.5) Selected Topics in VLSI Design

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 649B

ELEC 551 (1.5) Digital Filters II

Design of recursive and nonrecursive digital filters satisfying prescribed specifications. Design of recursive filters by optimization, Newton, quasi-Newton, and minimax algorithms, design of equalizers. Design of nonrecursive filters by optimization, Remez exchange algorithm, efficient search methods, application to the design of differentiators, Hilbert transformers, and multiband filters. Effects of coefficient and product quantization, signal scaling, minimization of roundoff noise, limit-cycle oscillations. Introduction to multirate signal processing.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 551, 631.
Formerly: 631
Prerequisites: 407 or 531 or equivalent.

ELEC 552 (1.5) Adaptive Control

Concepts of stochastic processes and stochastic models. Analysis of dynamic systems whose inputs are stochastic processes. Minimum variance strategies for discrete systems. Self-tuning regulators and other adaptive control schemes. Examples of adaptive control implementations.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 552, 601.
Formerly: 601
Prerequisites: 460 or equivalent.

ELEC 553 (1.5) Introduction to Parallel and Cluster Computing

Overview of massively parallel and cluster computers. Processing models (shared memory versus message passing). Processes and threads. Standard algorithms utilizing parallelism. Matrix and vector operations. N-body problems, collective communications. Parallel application environments MPI and OpenMP. Includes significant exposure to parallel applications including developing and coding of sample parallel codes. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 553, CENG 453.

ELEC 559A (1.5) Selected Topics in Robotics

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 659A

ELEC 559B (1.5) Selected Topics in Automatic Control

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 659B

ELEC 561 (1.5) Microcomputer Architecture

The architecture of modern 32 bit microprocessor-based computers and modern signal processors. Topics covered will include packaging, performance, instructions, coprocessors, memory management, bus systems and multiprocessing.
Prerequisites: CENG 355 or equivalent.

ELEC 562 (1.5) Introduction to Parallel Computer Systems

General formalism and description of parallel systems. Sequential and parallel execution. Synchronization. Principles of pipeline and vector processing. SIMD and MIMD machines. Multi-stage and computer interconnection networks. Routing (e-cube, hyperswitch, wormhole, virtual channels) and flow control in computer interconnection networks. Shared memory and multicomputer systems. Caches and cache coherence. Data flow systems (macro and micro data flow).
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 562, 661.
Formerly: 661
Prerequisites: CENG 450 or equivalent.

ELEC 563 (1.5) Advanced Computer Architecture

Advances in computer architecture. Topics covered include advanced techniques in processor design: hazard detection and resolution, precise interrupts, superscalar, superpipeline, very long instruction word, multithreading; impact of VLSI; architectural performance analysis; high-level language machines; application-directed machines; stack architecture, systolic arrays, associative processors, operating system support and software-oriented architecture.
Prerequisites: CENG 450 or equivalent.

ELEC 564 (1.5) Neural Networks and Their Implementation

Biological inspiration, historical background, learning in neural nets (backpropagation, hebian, etc.), single- and multi-layer networks, associative memories, classification and clustering models, recurrent networks. Neural network technology, implementation software and hardware technologies, algorithm definitions, computational requirements, solution methods, parallel processing hardware. VLSI and optical implementations of neural networks.
Prerequisites: CENG 420 or equivalent.

ELEC 565 (1.5) Digital Integrated Circuits

Silicon logic: logic design with MOSFET, CMOS, and BiCMOS; physical structure, physical design, fabrication. Logic-electronic interface: characteristics of MOSFETS, CMOS analysis and design. VLSI design: CAD tools, system components, arithmetic circuits, memory and programmable logic, system-level physical design, clocking and testing. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 565, CENG 442.

ELEC 566 (1.5) Computer Networks and Distributed Systems

Current topics in data switching and computer networking including asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) and the Internet. Alternatives to ATM. Local area network emulation, switched ethernet. Frame relay and switched multi-megabit data service (SMDS). Applications to multi-media. Very large scale integration implementation.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 566, CSC 551.
Prerequisites: CENG 460 or CSC 450 or equivalent.

ELEC 567 (1.5) Advanced Network Security and Forensics

Presents, from a practical perspective, underlying principles and techniques of network security and forensics. Emphasis will be on ethical hacking, by surveying attack techniques and tools with examples of how they are applied in practice. The fundamentals of network forensics and cyber-crime scene analysis and investigations will be introduced. Students will also learn how to evaluate network and Internet security issues and design, and how to implement successful security policies and defense mechanisms and strategies, with a particular focus on firewalls, intrusion detection and response, traceback, and biometrics technologies.

ELEC 569A (1.5) Selected Topics in Computer Engineering

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 669

ELEC 571 (1.5) Underwater Acoustic Systems

Propagation of acoustic plane waves in a homogeneous medium and its electrical equivalent model. Acoustic impedance. Pressure measurements and units. Acoustic transducers and equivalent circuits. Acoustic arrays, beam forming and beam steering. Sound transmission in the ocean. Ambient noise. Sonar equations. Performance analysis of active and passive sonar systems. Introduction to specialized acoustic systems.
Prerequisites: 300 and 260 or equivalent.

ELEC 573 (1.5) Engineering Design by Optimization II

Fundamentals of constrained optimization theory. Simplex methods for linear programming. Modem interior-point methods such as primal-dual path-following methods and Mehrotra's predictor-corrector algorithm for linear programming. Active-set methods and primal-dual interior-point methods for quadratic and convex programming. Semidefinite programming algorithms. Sequential quadratic programming and interior-point methods for nonconvex optimization. Implementation issues and current software packages for constrained optimization. Applications in digital signal processing, control, robotics, and communications.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 573, 603.
Formerly: 603
Prerequisites: 403 or 503 or equivalent.

ELEC 581 (1.5) Power Electronics

Characteristics of power semiconductor switching devices, e.g., silicon controlled rectifiers, bipolar and MOS power transistors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, gate-turn-off thyristors. Basic principles of phase controlled converters, dc to dc choppers, dc to ac inverters (square wave and pulse width modulated), switching power supplies, resonant converters. Applications to communication and computer power supplies, electric drives, induction heating, etc.

ELEC 582 (1.5) Electrical Drive Systems

Elements of drive systems, characterization of mechanical loads, requirements of electrical drive systems, dynamic equations and modelling of electrical machines, dc drives with various dc power sources, induction motor drives, ac controller, slip-energy recovery, constant air-gap flux, synchronous motor drives, permanent magnet motors, reluctance motors. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 582, 482.
Prerequisites: 365 or 370 or equivalent.

ELEC 583 (1.5) Digital Video Processing

Representation of digital video. Image formation models. Spatio-temporal sampling and sampling structure conversion. Two- and three-dimensional motion estimation techniques. Optical flow, block-based and pel-recursive methods for motion estimation. Still image and video compression methods and standards. Interface compression and model-based methods for video compression. Digital video systems and applications. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 583, 483.
Prerequisites: 310 or equivalent.

ELEC 586 (1.5) Multiresolution Signal and Geometry Processing

Multirate signal processing, upsampling, downsampling, sampling rate coversion, polyphase techniques, multirate fliter banks, multiresolution signal representations, wavelets, digital geometry processing, polygon meshes, subdivision surfaces/wavelets, efficient multiresolution signal processing. Applications in data compression, computer graphiccs/animation, geometric modeling, communications, and signal processing. Students are required to complete a project.
Note: Credit will be granted for only one of 586, 486.
Prerequisites: 310 or equivalent.

ELEC 589A (1.5) Selected Topics in Power Electronics

Note: Variable content course. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics to a maximum of 3 units.
Formerly: 689
Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor.

ELEC 590 (1.5) Directed Study

A wide range of topics will be available for assignments. Topics will be restricted to recent advances. MASc and MEng students can take two Directed Study courses for credit as part of their program. PhD students can take one Directed Study course for credit when four courses are required for their program and three Directed Study courses when ten courses are required for their program.
Note: Pro Forma is required for registration. May be taken more than once for credit in different topics.

ELEC 597 (0) MEng (Mechatronics and Embedded Systems Option) Project

Presentation and defense of the MEng (Mechatronics and Embedded Systems Option) Project.
Prerequisites: ENGR 466.
Grading: INP, COM, N, F

ELEC 598 (3.0) MEng Project

Grading: INP, COM, N, F

ELEC 599 (12.0) MASc Thesis

Grading: INP, COM, N, F

ELEC 609 (1.0) Seminar

Participation in a program of seminars. Required of all Doctoral students every year of their program as an addition to the normal program except by departmental permission. One unit of credit shall be given upon completion.
Grading: INP, COM, N, F.

ELEC 613 (1.5) Spread Spectrum Communications

Review of basic concepts in digital communications and information theory. Direct sequence modulation and frequency hopping. Interference models. Signal acquisition. Anti-jam performance. Anti-fade performance. Coded systems. Code division multiple access. Implementation issues and applications.
Prerequisites: 350, 450, 511, 512 or equivalent.

ELEC 621 (1.5) Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics

Introduction to theoretical principles, and applications of numerical techniques for solving electromagnetic field problems. Static and dynamic field problems in modern microwave and millimeter wave transmission media. Maxwell's equations and their principal solutions. Boundary and interface conditions. Finite difference and finite element method (FDM, FEM). Method of moments (MM). Spectral domain and mode matching techniques. Transmission line method (TLM).
Prerequisites: 521 or equivalent.

ELEC 622 (1.5) Nonlinear Microwave Components

Linearity and nonlinearity, frequency generation, representation of two-port networks, travelling wave and transmission-line concepts, scattering matrix and chain scattering matrix, Smith chart, impedance matching networks, signal flow graphs, characteristics of microwave bipolar junction and field-effect transistors, microwave transistor amplifiers, noise, broadband and high-power design methods, microwave oscillators, millimeter wave amplifiers and oscillators, diode mixers, FET mixers, millimeter wave mixers.
Prerequisites: 454 or 521 or equivalent.

ELEC 632 (1.5) Adaptive Filters

Applications overview. Echo cancellation, noise cancellation, equalization, speech coding, and spectral estimation using Transversal and Lattice filters. Minimum mean square error, gradient algorithm, block and recursive least squares.
Prerequisites: 310, 400, 408 or equivalent.

ELEC 633 (1.5) Optimal Estimation

Random variables review. Estimation methods; maximum likelihood, minimum mean squared error, maximum a posteriori, conditional mean, minimum variance, orthogonality principle. State space system models. Kalman Filtering. Adaptive and nonlinear filtering.
Prerequisites: 504 or equivalent.

ELEC 651 (1.5) Control Aspects in Robotics

Direct and inverse kinematics. Direct and inverse dynamics. Path planning. PID control and its robustness. Computer torque method. Resolved acceleration control. Differential geometric approach. Adaptive control as applied to manipulators. Hybrid force/position control. Robustness issues of various control algorithms. Computational considerations.
Prerequisites: 425 and 501 or equivalent.

ELEC 693 (3.0) PhD Candidacy Examination

The PhD Candidacy Examination consists of an oral examination. This examination should be taken and passed not later than three years from initial PhD registration. Required of all PhD students every term of their program until the oral examination is passed.
Note: ELEC 693 is a corequisite: all registrations in ELEC 699 must be accompanied by registration in ELEC 693 until ELEC 693 is passed.
Grading: INP, COM, N, F.

ELEC 699 (30.0) PhD Dissertation

Prerequisites: 693
Grading: INP, COM, N, F.

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