MIDI stands
for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and is a protocol and hardware
standard for communication between devices. The devices are usually
electronic musical instruments that interact with each other. The
Radio Drum uses the analog signals from the drumsticks and sends them to
a host computer, which will process the signals and eventually convert
the acquired data into MIDI to produce music.
MIDI information
will tell a synthesizer to perform basic manipulation of music. It
can be used to inform the synthesizer when to turn a note on or off, to
change volume, sounds, or modulation devices. MIDI communicates musical
information between two devices much the same way that a modem communicates
between two computers.
MIDI commands
are contained in a 10-bit frame. Each MIDI command has a specific
frame sequence. The beginning bit is the status bit, followed by
eight data bits and finally a stop bit. Encoded in the status bit
is the MIDI channel and the status bit tells the MIDI device what function
to perform. Operation in MIDI happens in 16 different channels and
the MIDI channel is only encoded in the status bit.
MIDI hardware
is comprised of a conductor cable to connect the synthesizer ports.
Pins 1 and 3 of the DIN female connectors do not carry active signals;
Pin 2 is shielded and connected to ground. Pins 4 and 5 carry the
data through the cables. Every MIDI unit has 3 of the 5-pin ports;
the ports are IN, OUT and THRU and control all the information routing.
The OUT port sends MIDI data to the rest of the setup, the IN port accepts
MIDI data and the THRU port outputs an exact copy of the data received
at the IN port. The THRU port allows for daisy chaining of MIDI devices.
adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers"
by D. Valenti, Elec Musician mag 2/88
STATUS BYTE
| DATA BYTES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st Byte Value
| Function
| 2nd |
3rd
- - - - - - - - -|
| Byte |
Byte
Binary |Hex| Dec|
|
|
- - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10000000= 80= 128| Chan
1 Note off
| Note Number | Note Velocity
10000001= 81= 129| Chan
2 "
| (0-127) | (0-127)
10000010= 82= 130| Chan
3 "
| see |
"
10000011= 83= 131| Chan
4 "
| Table |
"
10000100= 84= 132| Chan
5 "
| 2
| "
10000101= 85= 133| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
10000110= 86= 134| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
10000111= 87= 135| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
10001000= 88= 136| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
10001001= 89= 137| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
10001010= 8A= 138| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
10001011= 8B= 139| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
10001100= 8C= 140| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
10001101= 8D= 141| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
10001110= 8E= 142| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
10001111= 8F= 143| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
10010000= 90= 144| Chan
1 Note on
| "
| "
10010001= 91= 145| Chan
2 "
| "
| "
10010010= 92= 146| Chan
3 "
| "
| "
10010011= 93= 147| Chan
4 "
| "
| "
10010100= 94= 148| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
10010101= 95= 149| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
10010110= 96= 150| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
10010111= 97= 151| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
10011000= 98= 152| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
10011001= 99= 153| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
10011010= 9A= 154| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
10011011= 9B= 155| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
10011100= 9C= 156| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
10011101= 9D= 157| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
10011110= 9E= 158| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
10011111= 9F= 159| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
10100000= A0= 160| Chan
1 Polyphonic |
" | Aftertouch
10100001= A1= 161| Chan
2 aftertouch |
" | pressure
10100010= A2= 162| Chan
3 "
| "
| (0-127)
10100011= A3= 163| Chan
4 "
| "
| "
10100100= A4= 164| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
10100101= A5= 165| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
10100110= A6= 166| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
10100111= A7= 167| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
10101000= A8= 168| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
10101001= A9= 169| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
10101010= AA= 170| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
10101011= AB= 171| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
10101100= AC= 172| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
10101101= AD= 173| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
10101110= AE= 174| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
10101111= AF= 175| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
10110000= B0= 176| Chan
1 Control/
| See |
See
10110001= B1= 177| Chan
2 Mode change |
Table | Table
10110010= B2= 178| Chan
3 "
| three |
three
10110011= B3= 179| Chan
4 "
| "
| "
10110100= B4= 180| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
10110101= B5= 181| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
10110110= B6= 182| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
10110111= B7= 183| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
10111000= B8= 184| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
10111001= B9= 185| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
10111010= BA= 186| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
10111011= BB= 187| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
10111100= BC= 188| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
10111101= BD= 189| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
10111110= BE= 190| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
10111111= BF= 191| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
11000000= C0= 192| Chan
1 Program
| Program # | NONE
11000001= C1= 193| Chan
2 change
| (0-127) |
"
11000010= C2= 194| Chan
3 "
| "
| "
11000011= C3= 195| Chan
4 "
| "
| "
11000100= C4= 196| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
11000101= C5= 197| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
11000110= C6= 198| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
11000111= C7= 199| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
11001000= C8= 200| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
11001001= C9= 201| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
11001010= CA= 202| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
11001011= CB= 203| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
11001100= CC= 204| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
11001101= CD= 205| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
11001110= CE= 206| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
11001111= CF= 207| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
11010000= D0= 208| Chan
1 Channel
| Aftertouch | "
11010001= D1= 209| Chan
2 aftertouch |
pressure | "
11010010= D2= 210| Chan
3 "
| (0-127) |
"
11010011= D3= 211| Chan
4 "
| "
| "
11010100= D4= 212| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
11010101= D5= 213| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
11010110= D6= 214| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
11010111= D7= 215| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
11011000= D8= 216| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
11011001= D9= 217| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
11011010= DA= 218| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
11011011= DB= 219| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
11011100= DC= 220| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
11011101= DD= 221| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
11011110= DE= 222| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
11011111= DF= 223| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
11100000= E0= 224| Chan
1 Pitch
| Pitch |
Pitch
11100001= E1= 225| Chan
2 wheel
| wheel |
wheel
11100010= E2= 226| Chan
3 range
| LSB |
MSB
11100011= E3= 227| Chan
4 "
| (0-127) | (0-127)
11100100= E4= 228| Chan
5 "
| "
| "
11100101= E5= 229| Chan
6 "
| "
| "
11100110= E6= 230| Chan
7 "
| "
| "
11100111= E7= 231| Chan
8 "
| "
| "
11101000= E8= 232| Chan
9 "
| "
| "
11101001= E9= 233| Chan
10 "
| "
| "
11101010= EA= 234| Chan
11 "
| "
| "
11101011= EB= 235| Chan
12 "
| "
| "
11101100= EC= 236| Chan
13 "
| "
| "
11101101= ED= 237| Chan
14 "
| "
| "
11101110= EE= 238| Chan
15 "
| "
| "
11101111= EF= 239| Chan
16 "
| "
| "
11110000= F0= 240| System
Exclusive |
** |
**
11110001= F1= 241| System
Common - undefined | ?
| ?
11110010= F2= 242| Sys
Com Song Position Pntr | LSB
| MSB
11110011= F3= 243| Sys
Com Song Select(Song #)| (0-127) |
NONE
11110100= F4= 244| System
Common - undefined | ?
| ?
11110101= F5= 245| System
Common - undefined | ?
| ?
11110110= F6= 246| Sys
Com tune request |
NONE | NONE
11110111= F7= 247| Sys
Com-end of SysEx (EOX) | "
| "
11111000= F8= 248| Sys
real time timing clock | "
| "
11111001= F9= 249| Sys
real time undefined | "
| "
11111010= FA= 250| Sys
real time start |
" |
"
11111011= FB= 251| Sys
real time continue |
" |
"
11111100= FC= 252| Sys
real time stop |
" |
"
11111101= FD= 253| Sys
real time undefined | "
| "
11111110= FE= 254| Sys
real time active sensing| "
| "
11111111= FF= 255| Sys
real time sys reset | "
| "
** Note: System Exclusive (data
dump) 2nd byte= Vendor ID followed by more data bytes and ending with EOX.
|
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