Array2.hpp

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// Copyright (c) 2011 Michael D. Adams
// All rights reserved.

// __START_OF_LICENSE__
// 
// Copyright (c) 2015 Michael D. Adams
// All rights reserved.
// 
// This file is part of the Signal Processing Library (SPL).
// 
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3,
// or (at your option) any later version.
// 
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// 
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
// License along with this program; see the file LICENSE.  If not,
// see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// 
// __END_OF_LICENSE__

#ifndef SPL_Array2_hpp
#define SPL_Array2_hpp

//

//#define SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG

#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
#define SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE
#else
#define SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE inline
#endif

// Header Files.

#include <SPL/config.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp>
#include <SPL/pnmCodec.hpp>
#include <SPL/misc.hpp>

//

namespace SPL {

// Two-Dimensional Array Template Class
// (with lazy copying and reference counting)

template <class> class Array2;


/*
 * An array data block, which can be shared by multiple arrays.
 */

template <class T>
class ArrayRep2
{
private:
        template <class> friend class Array2;

        ArrayRep2(int width, int height);

        ArrayRep2(int width, int height, const T& value);

        template <class InputIterator>
        ArrayRep2(int width, int height, InputIterator data);

        ~ArrayRep2();

        // Prevent copy construction.
        // This function is never defined.
        ArrayRep2(const ArrayRep2&);

        // Prevent assignment.
        // This function is never defined.
        ArrayRep2& operator=(const ArrayRep2&);

        // Create a copy of this data block.
        ArrayRep2* clone() const;

        int getRefCount() const;

        void hold();

        void release();

        // Output information to a stream for debugging.
        void dump(std::ostream& out) const;

        // The width of the array.
        int width_;

        // The height of the array.
        int height_;

        // The array data.
        std::vector<T> data_;

        // The number of arrays referencing the array data.
        int refCount_;
};


template <class T>
class Array2
{
public:

        // Types

        typedef T ElemType;

        // Provide a random access iterator for the elements of an array.
        // NOTE: It would be more elegant to have this class use
        // vector iterators instead of raw pointers.
        template <class Value>
        class YIter : public boost::iterator_facade<YIter<Value>, Value,
          std::random_access_iterator_tag>
        {
        public:
                YIter() : step_(0), ptr_(0)
                {
                }
                explicit YIter(int step, Value* ptr) : step_(step), ptr_(ptr)
                {
                }
                template <class OtherValue>
                YIter(const YIter<OtherValue>& other) : step_(other.step_),
                  ptr_(other.ptr_)
                {
                }
        private:
                friend class boost::iterator_core_access;
                template <class> friend class YIter;
                template <class OtherValue>
                bool equal(const YIter<OtherValue>& other) const
                {
                        return ptr_ == other.ptr_;
                }
                void increment()
                {
                        ptr_ += step_;
                }
                void decrement()
                {
                        ptr_ -= step_;
                }
                void advance(int n)
                {
                        ptr_ += n * step_;
                }
                template <class OtherValue>
                int distance_to(const YIter<OtherValue>& other) const
                {
                        return (other.ptr_ - ptr_) / step_;
                }
                Value& dereference() const {
                        return *ptr_;
                }
                int step_;
                Value* ptr_;
        };

        typedef typename std::vector<T>::iterator Iterator;

        typedef typename std::vector<T>::const_iterator ConstIterator;

        typedef Iterator XIterator;

        typedef typename std::vector<T>::const_iterator ConstXIterator;

        typedef YIter<T> YIterator;

        typedef YIter<const T> ConstYIterator;

        // Constructors and destructor

        Array2();

        Array2(int width, int height);

        Array2(int width, int height, const T& value);

        template <class InputIter>
          Array2(int width, int height, InputIter data);

        ~Array2();

        Array2(const Array2& a);

        template <class OtherType>
        Array2(const Array2<OtherType>& a);

        // Assignment operators

        Array2& operator=(const Array2& a);

        template <class OtherType>
        Array2& operator=(const Array2<OtherType>& a);

        // Compound assignment operators

        Array2& operator+=(const Array2& a);

        Array2& operator-=(const Array2& a);

        Array2& operator*=(const Array2& a);

        Array2& operator/=(const Array2& a);

        Array2& operator+=(const T& a);

        Array2& operator-=(const T& a);

        Array2& operator*=(const T& a);

        Array2& operator/=(const T& a);

        // Basic queries

        int getWidth() const;

        int getHeight() const;

        int getSize() const;

        bool isShared() const;

        bool isSharedWith(const Array2& a) const;

        // Accessors

        T& operator()(int x, int y);

        const T& operator()(int x, int y) const;

        T& operator()(int i);

        const T& operator()(int i) const;

        // Iterators

        ConstIterator begin() const;

        Iterator begin();

        ConstIterator end() const;

        Iterator end();

        ConstXIterator rowBegin(int y) const;

        XIterator rowBegin(int y);

        ConstXIterator rowEnd(int y) const;

        XIterator rowEnd(int y);

        ConstYIterator colBegin(int x) const;

        YIterator colBegin(int x);

        ConstYIterator colEnd(int x) const;

        YIterator colEnd(int x);

        // Array resizing

        void resize(int width, int height);

        template <class InputIterator>
        void resize(int width, int height, InputIterator data);

        // Get various statistics

        T max() const;

        T min() const;

        T sum() const;

        // Input/output

        std::ostream& output(std::ostream& out, int fieldWidth) const;

        int load(const char* fileName);

        int save(const char* fileName) const;

        // Miscellaneous

        void fill(const T& value = T(0));

        Array2& flipud();

        Array2& fliplr();

        void swap(Array2& a);

        void dump(std::ostream& out) const;

        void unshare() const;

private:

        template <class> friend class Array2;

        typedef ArrayRep2<T> Rep;

        void copyOnWrite() const;

        mutable Rep* ptr_;
};

// Code for ArrayRep2 class.


template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE ArrayRep2<T>::ArrayRep2(int width, int height) :
  width_(width), height_(height), data_(width * height), refCount_(1)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE ArrayRep2<T>::ArrayRep2(int width, int height,
  const T& value) : width_(width), height_(height),
  data_(width * height, value), refCount_(1)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
}

template <class T>
template <class InputIterator>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE ArrayRep2<T>::ArrayRep2(int width, int height,
  InputIterator data) : width_(width), height_(height), data_(), refCount_(1)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        int n = width * height;
        data_.reserve(n);
        SPL::copy_n(data, n, std::back_inserter(data_));
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE ArrayRep2<T>::~ArrayRep2()
{
        // The destructor should only be called if nothing is referencing
        // this object.
        assert(!refCount_);
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE ArrayRep2<T>* ArrayRep2<T>::clone() const
{
        return new ArrayRep2(width_, height_, data_.begin());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE void ArrayRep2<T>::hold()
{
        ++refCount_;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE void ArrayRep2<T>::release()
{
        if (--refCount_ == 0) {
                delete this;
        }
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE int ArrayRep2<T>::getRefCount() const
{
        return refCount_;
}

template <class T>
void ArrayRep2<T>::dump(typename std::ostream& out) const
{
        out << "Rep: "
          << this << " "
          << width_ << " " << height_ << " "
          << (&*data_.begin()) << " "
          << refCount_ << " ";
}


// Constructors and destructor

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2()
{
        ptr_ = new Rep(0, 0);
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2(int width, int height)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        ptr_ = new Rep(width, height);
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2(const Array2<T>& a)
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
        std::cerr << "Array2<T>::Array2(const Array2<T>&) "
          << this << " " << (&a) << "\n";
#endif
        ptr_ = a.ptr_;
        ptr_->hold();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2(int width, int height, const T& value)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        ptr_ = new Rep(width, height, value);
}

template <class T>
template <class InputIterator>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2(int width, int height, InputIterator data)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        ptr_ = new Rep(width, height, data);
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::~Array2()
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
                std::cerr << "Array2<T>::~Array2() " << this << " " << ptr_ << "\n";
#endif
        ptr_->release();
}

template <class T>
template <class OtherType>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>::Array2(const Array2<OtherType>& a)
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
                std::cerr << "Array2::pseudo_copy_ctor " << this << " " << ptr_ << "\n";
#endif
        ptr_ = new Rep(a.getWidth(), a.getHeight(), a.begin());
}

// Assignment operators

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator=(const Array2<T>& a)
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
        std::cerr << "Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator=(const Array2<T>&) "
          << this << " " << (&a) << "\n";
#endif
        if (this != &a) {
                // Not self assignment.
                ptr_->release();
                ptr_ = a.ptr_;
                ptr_->hold();
        }
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
template <class OtherType>
Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator=(const Array2<OtherType>& a)
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
        std::cerr << "Array2::operator= special\n";
#endif
        if (reinterpret_cast<void*>(this) != reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&a)) {
                resize(a.getWidth(), a.getHeight());
                unshare();
                std::copy(a.ptr_->data_.begin(), a.ptr_->data_.end(),
                  ptr_->data_.begin());
        }
        return *this;
}

// Compound assignment operators

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator+=(const Array2<T>& a)
{
        assert(getWidth() == a.getWidth() && getHeight() == a.getHeight());
        unshare();
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          a.ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.begin(), std::plus<T>());
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator-=(const Array2<T>& a)
{
        assert(getWidth() == a.getWidth() && getHeight() == a.getHeight());
        unshare();
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          a.ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.begin(), std::minus<T>());
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator*=(const Array2<T>& a)
{
        assert(getWidth() == a.getWidth() && getHeight() == a.getHeight());
        unshare();
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          a.ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.begin(), std::multiplies<T>());
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator/=(const Array2<T>& a)
{
        assert(getWidth() == a.getWidth() && getHeight() == a.getHeight());
        unshare();
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          a.ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.begin(), std::divides<T>());
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator+=(const T& value)
{
        unshare();
#if 0
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), std::bind2nd(std::plus<T>(), value));
#else
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), [=](auto x){return x + value;});
#endif
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator-=(const T& value)
{
        unshare();
#if 0
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), std::bind2nd(std::minus<T>(), value));
#else
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), [=](auto x){return x - value;});
#endif
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator*=(const T& value)
{
        unshare();
#if 0
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), std::bind2nd(std::multiplies<T>(), value));
#else
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), [=](auto x){return x * value;});
#endif
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE Array2<T>& Array2<T>::operator/=(const T& value)
{
        unshare();
#if 0
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), std::bind2nd(std::divides<T>(), value));
#else
        std::transform(ptr_->data_.begin(), ptr_->data_.end(),
          ptr_->data_.begin(), [=](auto x){return x / value;});
#endif
        return *this;
}

// Basic queries

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE int Array2<T>::getWidth() const
{
        return ptr_->width_;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE int Array2<T>::getHeight() const
{
        return ptr_->height_;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE int Array2<T>::getSize() const
{
        assert(ptr_->width_ * ptr_->height_ == ptr_->data_.size());
        return ptr_->data_.size();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE bool Array2<T>::isShared() const
{
        return ptr_->getRefCount() > 1;
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE bool Array2<T>::isSharedWith(const Array2& a) const
{
        return ptr_ == a.ptr_;
}

// Accessors

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE T& Array2<T>::operator()(int x, int y)
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth() && y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        unshare();
        return ptr_->data_[y * getWidth() + x];
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE const T& Array2<T>::operator()(int x, int y) const
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth() && y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        return ptr_->data_[y * getWidth() + x];
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE T& Array2<T>::operator()(int i)
{
        assert(getWidth() == 1 || getHeight() == 1);
        assert(i >= 0 && i < getSize());
        unshare();
        return ptr_->data_[i];
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE const T& Array2<T>::operator()(int i) const
{
        assert(getWidth() == 1 || getHeight() == 1);
        assert(i >= 0 && i < getSize());
        return ptr_->data_[i];
}

// Iterators

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstIterator Array2<T>::begin() const
{
        return ptr_->data_.begin();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::Iterator Array2<T>::begin()
{
        unshare();
        return ptr_->data_.begin();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstIterator Array2<T>::end() const
{
        return ptr_->data_.end();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::Iterator Array2<T>::end()
{
        unshare();
        return ptr_->data_.end();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstXIterator Array2<T>::rowBegin(int y) const
{
        assert(y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        return begin() + (y * getWidth());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::XIterator Array2<T>::rowBegin(int y)
{
        assert(y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        unshare();
        return begin() + (y * getWidth());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstXIterator Array2<T>::rowEnd(int y) const
{
        assert(y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        return begin() + ((y + 1) * getWidth());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::XIterator Array2<T>::rowEnd(int y)
{
        assert(y >= 0 && y < getHeight());
        unshare();
        return begin() + ((y + 1) * getWidth());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstYIterator Array2<T>::colBegin(int x) const
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth());
        return ConstYIterator(getWidth(), &(*(begin() + x)));
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::YIterator Array2<T>::colBegin(int x)
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth());
        unshare();
        return YIterator(getWidth(), &(*(begin() + x)));
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::ConstYIterator Array2<T>::colEnd(int x) const
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth());
        return ConstYIterator(getWidth(), &(*(begin() + (getSize() + x))));
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE typename Array2<T>::YIterator Array2<T>::colEnd(int x)
{
        assert(x >= 0 && x < getWidth());
        unshare();
        return YIterator(getWidth(), &(*(begin() + (getSize() + x))));
}

// Resizing

template <class T>
void Array2<T>::resize(int width, int height)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        if (getWidth() != width || getHeight() != height) {
                ptr_->release();
                ptr_ = new Rep(width, height);
        }
}

template <class T>
template <class InputIterator>
void Array2<T>::resize(int width, int height, InputIterator data)
{
        assert(width >= 0 && height >= 0);
        if (getWidth() == width && getHeight() == height && ptr_->getRefCount() == 1) {
                SPL::copy_n(data, getSize(), begin());
        } else {
                ptr_->release();
                ptr_ = new Rep(width, height, data);
        }
}

// Get various statistics

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE T Array2<T>::max() const
{
        assert(getSize() > 0);
        return *std::max_element(begin(), end());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE T Array2<T>::min() const
{
        assert(getSize() > 0);
        return *std::min_element(begin(), end());
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE T Array2<T>::sum() const
{
        return std::accumulate(begin(), end(), T(0));
}

// Input/output

template <class T>
std::ostream& Array2<T>::output(std::ostream& out, int fieldWidth) const
{
        out << getWidth() << " " << getHeight() << "\n";
        for (int j = 0; j < getHeight(); ++j) {
                for (int i = 0; i < getWidth(); ++i) {
                        T val = operator()(i, j);
                        std::stringstream str;
                        str << std::setw(fieldWidth) << val;
                        std::string buf = str.str();
                        if (buf.size() > fieldWidth) {
                                buf = buf.substr(0, fieldWidth);
                        }
                        //out << std::setw(fieldWidth) << val;
                        out << buf;
                        if (i < getWidth() - 1) {
                                out << " ";
                        }
                }
                out << "\n";
        }
        return out;
}

template<class T>
int Array2<T>::load(const char* fileName)
{
        std::ifstream in(fileName);
        in >> *this;
        if (!in) {
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
}

template<class T>
int Array2<T>::save(const char* fileName) const
{
        std::ofstream out(fileName);
        out << *this;
        if (!out) {
                return -1;
        }
        out.close();
        return 0;
}

template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Array2<T>& a)
{
        out << a.getWidth() << " " << a.getHeight() << "\n";
        for (int y = 0; y < a.getHeight(); ++y) {
                typename Array2<T>::ConstXIterator src = a.rowBegin(y);
                for (int x = 0; x < a.getWidth(); ++x) {
                        if (x) {
                                out << " ";
                        }
                        out << *src;
                        ++src;
                }
                out << "\n";
        }
        return out;
}

template <class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Array2<T>& a)
{
        int width;
        if (!(in >> width)) {
                return in;
        }
        int height;
        if (!(in >> height)) {
                return in;
        }
        if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
                in.setstate(std::ios::failbit);
                return in;
        }

        a = Array2<T>(width, height);
        for (int y = 0; y < a.getHeight(); ++y) {
                typename Array2<T>::XIterator dst = a.rowBegin(y);
                for (int x = 0; x < a.getWidth(); ++x) {
                        T value;
                        if (!(in >> value)) {
                                return in;
                        }
                        *dst = value;
                        ++dst;
                }
        }
        return in;
}

// Miscellaneous

template <class T>
void Array2<T>::swap(Array2<T>& a)
{
        if (this != &a) {
                // Overall, the reference counts do not change.
                // Technically, both reference counts increase and then decrease,
                // for no net change.
                std::swap(ptr_, a.ptr_);
        }
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE void Array2<T>::fill(const T& value)
{
        unshare();
        std::fill(begin(), end(), value);
}

template <class T>
Array2<T>& Array2<T>::flipud()
{
        unshare();
        for (int k = 0; k < getHeight() / 2; ++k) {
                XIterator i = rowBegin(k);
                XIterator j = rowBegin(getHeight() - 1 - k);
                for (int n = getWidth(); n > 0; --n) {
                        std::swap(*i, *j);
                        ++i;
                        ++j;
                }
        }
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
Array2<T>& Array2<T>::fliplr()
{
        unshare();
        for (int y = 0; y < getHeight(); ++y) {
                XIterator i = rowBegin(y);
                XIterator j = i + (getWidth() - 1);
                for (int n = getWidth() / 2; n > 0; --n) {
                        std::swap(*i, *j);
                        ++i;
                        --j;
                }
        }
        return *this;
}

template <class T>
Array2<T> transpose(const Array2<T>& a)
{
        int width = a.getWidth();
        int height = a.getHeight();
        Array2<T> result(height, width);
        for (int y = 0; y < width; ++y) {
                for (int x = 0; x < height; ++x) {
                        result(x, y) = a(y, x);
                }
        }
        return result;
}

template <class T>
bool operator==(const Array2<T>& a, const Array2<T>& b)
{
        bool result;
        if (a.getWidth() == b.getWidth() && a.getHeight() == b.getHeight()) {
                result = true;
                for (int y = 0; y < a.getHeight(); ++y) {
                        typename Array2<T>::ConstXIterator src = a.rowBegin(y);
                        typename Array2<T>::ConstXIterator dst = b.rowBegin(y);
                        for (int x = 0; x < a.getWidth(); ++x) {
                                if (*src != *dst) {
                                        result = false;
                                        y = a.getHeight();
                                        break;
                                }
                                ++src;
                                ++dst;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                result = false;
        }
        return result;
}

template <class T>
bool operator!=(const Array2<T>& a, const Array2<T>& b)
{
        return !(a == b);
}

template <class T>
void Array2<T>::dump(std::ostream& out) const
{
        out << "Array2<T> " << this << " ";
        ptr_->dump(out);
        out << "\n";
}

// Private code

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE void Array2<T>::copyOnWrite() const
{
#if defined(SPL_ARRAY2_DEBUG)
        std::cerr << "Array2<T>::copyOnWrite() " << this << "\n";
        dump(std::cerr);
#endif
        // The underlying data must be shared.
        assert(ptr_->getRefCount() > 1);
        ptr_->release();
        //const_cast<Array2*>(this)->ptr_ = ptr_->clone();
        this->ptr_ = ptr_->clone();
}

template <class T>
SPL_ARRAY2_INLINE void Array2<T>::unshare() const
{
        if (ptr_->getRefCount() > 1) {
                copyOnWrite();
        }
}

// PNM Support


template <class T>
class PnmPutData
{
public:

        typedef Array2<T> Array;
        typedef typename Array::XIterator ArrayIter;

        PnmPutData() : comps_(0)
        {
        }

        void initialize(typename std::vector<Array>& comps)
        {
                comps_ = &comps;
                assert(comps.size() >= 0);
                dataIters_.reserve(3);
                y_ = (*comps_)[0].getHeight() - 1;
                remaining_ = (*comps_)[0].getWidth();
                for (typename std::vector<Array>::iterator i = comps_->begin();
                  i != comps_->end(); ++i) {
                        assert(!i->isShared());
                        dataIters_.push_back(i->rowBegin(y_));
                }
                comp_ = 0;
        }

        void operator()(int value)
        {
                assert(y_ >= 0);
                ArrayIter& iter = dataIters_[comp_];
//std::cerr << "writing " << y_ << " " << remaining_ << " " << value << "\n";
                *iter = value;
                ++iter;
                ++comp_;

                if (comp_ >= comps_->size()) {
                        comp_ = 0;
                        --remaining_;
                        if (remaining_ <= 0) {
                                remaining_ = (*comps_)[0].getWidth();
                                --y_;
                                if (y_ >= 0) {
                                        typename std::vector<Array>::iterator comp =
                                          (*comps_).begin();
                                        for (typename std::vector<ArrayIter>::iterator i =
                                          dataIters_.begin(); i != dataIters_.end(); ++i) {
                                                *i = comp->rowBegin(y_);
                                                ++comp;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
private:
        std::vector<Array>* comps_;
        typename std::vector<ArrayIter> dataIters_;
        int y_;
        int remaining_;
        int comp_;
};

template <class T>
class PnmInitialize
{
public:
        typedef PnmPutData<T> PutData;
        void operator()(int width, int height, int numComps, int maxVal,
          bool sgnd, PutData& putData) {
                comps_.clear();
                for (int i = 0; i < numComps; ++i) {
                        comps_.push_back(Array2<T>(width, height));
                }
                putData.initialize(comps_);
                maxVal_ = maxVal;
                sgnd_ = sgnd;
        }
        typename std::vector<Array2<T> > comps_;
        int maxVal_;
        bool sgnd_;
};

template <class T>
class PnmGetData
{
public:

        typedef Array2<T> Array;
        typedef typename Array::ConstXIterator ConstArrayIter;

        PnmGetData(const typename std::vector<Array>& comps, int maxVal,
          bool sgnd) : comps_(comps)
        {
                assert(comps.size() >= 0);
                dataIters_.reserve(3);
                int width = comps[0].getWidth();
                int height = comps[0].getHeight();
                y_ = height - 1;
                remaining_ = width;
                for (typename std::vector<Array>::const_iterator i = comps.begin();
                  i != comps.end(); ++i) {
                        dataIters_.push_back(i->rowBegin(y_));
                }
                comp_ = 0;
        }

        int operator()()
        {
                assert(y_ >= 0);
                ConstArrayIter& iter = dataIters_[comp_];
                int value = *iter;
                ++iter;
                ++comp_;

                if (comp_ >= comps_.size()) {
                        comp_ = 0;
                        --remaining_;
                        if (remaining_ <= 0) {
                                remaining_ = comps_[0].getWidth();
                                --y_;
                                if (y_ >= 0) {
                                        typename std::vector<Array>::const_iterator comp =
                                          comps_.begin();
                                        for (typename std::vector<ConstArrayIter>::iterator i =
                                          dataIters_.begin(); i != dataIters_.end(); ++i) {
                                                *i = comp->rowBegin(y_);
                                                ++comp;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }

                return value;
        }

private:
        const std::vector<Array>& comps_;
        typename std::vector<ConstArrayIter> dataIters_;
        int y_;
        int remaining_;
        int comp_;
};


template <class T>
int encodePnm(std::ostream& outStream, const std::vector<Array2<T> >& comps,
  int maxVal, bool sgnd, bool binaryFormat = true)
{
        PnmGetData<T> getData(comps, maxVal, sgnd);
        return pnmEncode(outStream, comps[0].getWidth(), comps[0].getHeight(),
          comps.size(), maxVal, sgnd, getData, binaryFormat);
}

template <class T>
int encodePbm(std::ostream& outStream, const Array2<T>& bits, bool binaryFormat = true)
{
        return encodePnm(outStream, std::vector<Array2<T> >(1, bits), 1, binaryFormat);
}

template <class T>
int encodePgm(std::ostream& outStream, const Array2<T>& gray, int maxVal,
  bool sgnd, bool binaryFormat = true)
{
        return encodePnm(outStream, std::vector<Array2<T> >(1, gray), maxVal,
          sgnd, binaryFormat);
}

template <class T>
int encodePpm(std::ostream& outStream, const Array2<T>& red,
  const Array2<T>& green, const Array2<T>& blue, int maxVal, bool sgnd,
  bool binaryFormat = true)
{
        std::vector<Array2<T> > comps;
        comps.push_back(red);
        comps.push_back(green);
        comps.push_back(blue);
        return encodePnm(outStream, comps, maxVal, sgnd, binaryFormat);
}

template <class T>
int decodePnm(std::istream& inStream, std::vector<Array2<T> >& comps,
  int& maxVal, bool& sgnd)
{
        PnmInitialize<T> initialize;
        int ret;
        if ((ret = pnmDecode(inStream, initialize))) {
                return ret;
        }
        comps = initialize.comps_;
        maxVal = initialize.maxVal_;
        sgnd = initialize.sgnd_;
        return 0;
}

template <class T>
int decodePbm(std::istream& inStream, Array2<T>& bits)
{
        int ret;
        int maxVal;
        bool sgnd;
        std::vector<Array2<T> > comps;
        if ((ret = decodePnm(inStream, comps, maxVal, sgnd))) {
                return ret;
        }
        assert(maxVal == 1);
        assert(!sgnd);
        bits = comps[0];
        return 0;
}

template <class T>
int decodePgm(std::istream& inStream, Array2<T>& gray, int& maxVal, bool& sgnd)
{
        int ret;
        std::vector<Array2<T> > comps;
        if ((ret = decodePnm(inStream, comps, maxVal, sgnd))) {
                return ret;
        }
        gray = comps[0];
        return 0;
}

template <class T>
int decodePpm(std::istream& inStream, Array2<T>& red, Array2<T>& green,
  Array2<T>& blue, int& maxVal, bool& sgnd)
{
        int ret;
        std::vector<Array2<T> > comps;
        if ((ret = decodePnm(inStream, comps, maxVal, sgnd))) {
                return ret;
        }
        red = comps[0];
        green = comps[1];
        blue = comps[2];
        return 0;
}

// Basic type defintions.

typedef Array2<double> RealArray2;

typedef Array2<int> IntArray2;

//

}

#endif